Posts Tagged ‘Iron Beds’

White, Black and Red bedroom moods…

Saturday, February 4th, 2012

There are times when decorating with a limited colour palette prompts you to discover subtle design differences and solutions. The black, red and white colour trio actually works very well with a diverse range of décor styles. In the bedroom the three colours can create a contemporary minimalist feel, but when used creatively they can also make for a bohemian modern, Chinese, French country or even gothic look.

Start your white, black and red room scheme by removing clutter from bedroom surfaces. This colour ensemble needs the chance to shine through within any bedroom scheme. Sell or recycle any unwanted items and figure out creative methods for storing the remainder such as closet shelving, cabinets or under bed storage solutions. Establish a routine for processing the daily influx of detritus such as laundry, paperwork and any work related items.

Explore the colour shade and texture options. In these days of designer paint shades and faux finishes, white can mean anything from a glossy blue-based white to a distressed antique whitewash revealing a darker colour underneath. Likewise black might come in the form of the shiny lacquer finish found in Chinese décor or the soft poppy seed hue typical in French country farmhouses.

Reds might have an orange base for a warmer and brassier flavour or an underlying blue base for a moodier, deeper look. You might like to paint all four walls one shade or experiment with an accent wall in red or black, whilst painting the ceiling a moody red or soft black will give the room a cosy feel…perfect for the bedroom.

Track down a focal point piece of furniture. For many people the focal point of bedroom design will be the bed which along with your choice of bedding will set the tone for the room style. An antique traditionally styled iron bed frame with distressed white finish or ivory finish will set the tone, whilst a boxlike bedframe in black wood or metal has contemporary cool. Contemporary or traditional four poster beds will also work well here whilst a panel design wooden bed in dark wood finish will inject a flavour of timelessness. For anyone who enjoys gothic or bohemian style an ornately engraved headboard with red or black accents provides visual pop, and simple white or antique white bedding works well for most of these sleeping options.

Consider accent finishes. Wallpaper in bold black or white graphics or in classic scrolled patterns can add a splash of interest to the wall behind the modern or traditional bed. If you have a narrow wall within the room, dolling it up with wallpaper adds bohemian glam. Black and white wall murals with abstract patterns create a great room focal point, or you might want to take a more subdued approach with wall decals or a trim of painted graphics along the skirting boards.

And finally, accessorise creatively. Red bursts of accessory colour add visual intrigue to a predominately black and white room scheme and stainless steel or chrome lighting and fixtures and furniture hardware work well in this environment. A large mirror can add a modern edge, and frame it with a heavy engraved white or red frame if you want the look to be a little more funky. Stark white bedding gets high contrast with red throw pillows, or doll up a plain white dresser or bedside table with a black lacquer vase to display red roses or gerbera daisies for a modern twist.

Rustic Mediterranean Bed Styles

Saturday, February 4th, 2012

Mediterranean style decorating themes takes its cues from Spain, Italy, France and Greece. For true Mediterranean authenticity you’ll need a rustic traditional bedstead to form the room centrepiece. A bed in weathered vintage style created from dark stained wood or a metal bed in black wrought iron sets perfectly the old-world tone for the bedroom setting. Dress your chosen bed design in crisp white linens or earth tones such as bronze, gold, terracotta or olive shades. Accent this colour palette with a splash of verve with vivid blues or wine hues for a true taste of Mediterranean drama.

Whether you choose the straight traditional lines of a wooden panel bed or a traditional wooden four poster, the wood style should be dark with a rustic distressed finish. Dark oak, walnuts and cherry wood are all good finishes in this regard, whilst Mediterranean style headboards and footboards tend to be tall in nature, creating a dramatic focal point within the room. Many Mediterranean styled beds exhibit detailed hand carving and forged metal accents giving them an old European appearance.

Wrought iron is a durable, practical material for beds and traditional iron bed styles come in any number of engaging designs, from the very simple to glamorous and highly ornate, although for true Mediterranean authenticity textured or satin black finishes are the way to go, with antique bronze or antique brass designs as another option rather than lighter finishes such as cream or white.

Many Mediterranean themed bedrooms feature headboards upholstered in either a brocade fabric or in brown, black or burgundy leather. Leather headboards look particularly rustic when edged with nail head trim, whilst other headboard styles feature a combination of wood and padded leather inserts.

For a little extra intrigue and romance opt for a canopy style bed theme in either a wood finish or rustic wrought iron. If you choose to go the wooden route, seek out a design that features carvings on the headboard, footboard and leg posts in true vintage style, and dress the canopy ina material to match or accent the bedding, with luxurious brocade or a light sheer fabric.

Likewise, when it comes to bedding, extend the theme with either simple or more lavish fabrics as either will reflect the Mediterranean style. Start perhaps with solid coloured classic sheet sets, and in the case of simpler bedstead designs, choose a matelassé bedspread in white or cream with antique style lace pillowcases. For more elegant or ornate bed designs, use a brocade or damask bedspread or comforter with a bed valance. Ensure that the fabric has a little sheen and stick with more dramatic jewel or earth tones.

As a finishing touch, add decorative pillows to the mix, with rich trims such as fringe, tassels or beads for an inspired and enchanting  final Mediterranean flourish …

Fruity strawberry and melon bedroom schemes…

Saturday, February 4th, 2012

Summer may well be on the wane but fruity paint schemes in the bedroom are a delicious colour choice at any time of the year for a teen girls bedroom or a more adult feel. Choosing a bedroom paint colour doesn’t have to limit choice to the more mainstream shades and indeed, within the bedroom it’s possible to experiment with colour combinations that would be inappropriate elsewhere in the home.

Two hues that work particularly well together are a pair that would not immediately come to mind. They are strawberry and melon; eminently suited for a daughter or a guest room, being fruity in nature and bringing a cheerful and vibrant colour mix to brighten the dowdiest of room spaces. Colours have a marvellous way of blending simplicity with elegance, and never was this more true than with this fruity pairing. It shows that you are interested in room design that is fun, fresh and lively and about as far removed from duller options as it is possible to be. In essence, bedroom colours never tasted so good!

Choosing the perfect bedroom paint colour is simple when you search for a colour palette that is refreshing and invigorating. There is nothing quite so pleasant and quintessentially British as a big basket of strawberries on a warm summer day, and strawberry shortcake and strawberry icecream conjure images of a delicious bedroom design. Strawberry is such a cool colour because the icy pink hues are brought to life with a mix of taste and colour. It is more modern and mature than its pastel pink counterpart and thus more suited to adult room settings or to suit the tastes of a discerning teen.

Complement strawberry hues with furniture pieces that offer a pleasing contrast. Wooden contemporary styles and wooden bedsteads in lighter stain or natural wood finishes such as light oak or pine might be the perfect choice here, whilst for a different stance consider a metal bedstead in an ivory or satin white finish and a wonderful counterpoint to those strawberry hues. In essence, strawberry and cream epitomised!

Pull the whole room look together with melon colour contrast. It’s an inspired colour choice and might seem a bold and unusual colour decision and yet there is something beautiful about the warm peachy hues associated with melons. If you were to imagine the perfect colour for a summer dress, a tropical drink, or a favourite swimsuit, wouldn’t melon fall into that picture somewhere? Melon hues are extrovert, friendly and creative. Bedroom design after all isn’t just about creating a place to sleep because you want a bedroom that is perfect for relaxing, reading and dreaming. Peachy melon hues are perfect for the occasion.

In simplest terms, by choosing bedroom paint colours that blend naturally, you will automatically create a colour ensemble that creates a feeling of calm. Strawberry shades and melon hues are a great way to bring a unified presence to bedroom design. Fruity colours blend and harmonise in a way that is pleasing and natural to bring charming conclusion to a bedroom design that is delicious in the extreme!

More Hippie Bedroom themes

Saturday, January 28th, 2012

Long after the end of the 1960s and the heyday of the hippie movement there are still many trends and elements from that decade that remain relevant and inspiring. In fact aspects of hippie culture and fashion have never really left us at all and it is still to be found on the catwalk, in the form of fashion accessories and colours and motifs that are still instantly recognisable. The fact that many hippie inspired elements are available off the shelf, means that it is even easier to recreate room themes with the minimum of fuss or effort. Take these sixties accents and build them into a bedroom theme for a son, daughter or for a zany adult room scheme and add a little individuality by doing your own thing in the form of artwork and accessories…true to the hippie spirit of free thinking!

Start off by making a list of what you love about the 60s. Is it the music, the freedom, the psychedelic art or a combination of the era and culture as a whole? Decide which aspects have the most relevance and meaning and collect some posters and memorabilia that reflect your interests. These might be reproductions of band posters for The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, or The Grateful Dead or inspirational posters with quotes from martin Luther King. If you are aiming for a psychedelic look (and who wouldn’t be?!) find posters of artwork with surrealistic images in lurid colours. You might also wish to incorporate reproductions of magazine and newspaper covers within the room design.

Many of the elements of the hippie look are easy to create yourself. Paint the walls or an accent wall a bright orange or deep purple. It’s easy to feature geometric shapes as well or a large peace sign, and remember that any imperfections are all in keeping, indicating that the painting was done by hand. Hang colourful scarves on the doors and tapestries on the walls. Include a few strands of beads and macramé planters to complete the look, and hunt through thrift stores for vintage items that are in tune with the overall theme.

Retro furniture styles will provide authenticity as well as practicality. Chromes, plastics and simple wooden pieces will complement the look with a simple low-rise metal bed or platform style wooden bed both looking at home here. At its very simplest, the sleeping solution of the hippie 60s might have been no more than a mattress on the floor with a few scatter cushions and a colourful throw, although for comfort and practicality a minimalist modern bedstead might be the best solution for hippie style in the 21st century.

Hippie room designs were all about over the top colours and aromas and sounds that stirred the senses. Psychedelic lighting and groovy colours were what it was all about, and the ubiquitous lava lamp would have been a staple ingredient of any hippie pad. Include also small decorator lamps covered with beads and exotic patterns for a funky effect and use red and blue bulbs to heighten the mood. The hippie aesthetic is not only visual, so create a full sensory experience by  appealing to the senses of touch, sound and smell as well. Hang a beaded curtain inside your bedroom door so that you can feel as well as hear the transition into your private bedroom space. Use furry covers for your pillows and scatter fuzzy cushions on the floor to create comfortable lounging areas. Incense sticks and clusters of candles complete the mood for true bohemian sixties cool…

Coastal themes with black accents

Saturday, January 28th, 2012

Whilst black as a wall colour might be considered a little too dramatic for most room themes, in the form of furniture, accessories and accents, the truth is that black can give a room space a sense of strength and stability. This is particularly true when you combine it with the fresh, airy, coastal look of a seaside cottage or grander coastal home. From more formal traditional furniture styles to relaxed contemporary or transitional designs, black furniture enriches a room. In coastal room settings it lends itself to feelings of harmony and security, grounding room themes and adding a sense of timelessness.

Select a style of furniture that reflects the room theme as a whole. In coastal settings this will more often than not be traditional in nature requiring more traditional furniture pieces as a consequence. Victorian era metal bed designs with antique brass detailing have great relevance here, and might inspire your décor and colour choice. Satin black or matte black colour finishes with matching bedside tables will always look the part against a pastel colour backdrop, with complementary dark wooden furniture piecesproviding a pleasing counterpoint.

Choose light coloured wall hues to set off the furniture and accessories within the room and to ensure that the space remains light and airy. Pastel shades of blue and green always work well and help to lend a serene feel to the bedroom. Certain green hues will inject more energy into the room whilst buttery yellow shades and light sandy coloured beiges will also work well here.

Balance the black elements in your room with natural and neutral textures. Incorporate wicker baskets and accessories (perfect for coastal themes) to create an airy feel whilst lighter fabrics such as sheers and cotton are perfect for window dressings, blowing gently in the breeze. Grass or rush mats are another good way to introduce texture and tie in nicely with any wicker elements within the room.

Alternatively use understated stripes to add interest to your bedroom. Window treatments that feature cricket stripes or pin-striping, always complements furniture and accents that have clean lines. To give the room a sense of harmony, use the same striped fabric for pillows or scatter cushions and black and white stripes are sure to impart a hint of coastal chic should you feel so inclined… A black and white patterned  bedspread atop that Victorian inspired metal bed will have great visual appeal in contrast with the faded pastel wall backdrop.

Complement the mood with black and white framed photos to pick up on room furniture and accents without making the room look too heavy. Monochrome photos of the ocean, beach huts, or coastal scenes will do a fabulous job in this respect, and you might wish to add a dash of whimsy in the form of shell collections, pebble displays, starfish and some romantic candles for whenever the occasion demands…

Romantic Bedroom moods for men

Saturday, January 21st, 2012

Romantic bedroom themes need not be the sole preserve of the fairer sex and it’s certainly not all about satin sheets, shades of pink and rose petals. For romantic colour and accent themes have great relevance in more masculine room settings where clever colour combinations and choice of furnishings come together to create chic and sophisticated bedroom moods that are anything but overtly feminine but have huge appeal across both genders for a captivating style statements.

Think laterally and choose colour and accessories that suggest a flavour of freshness. Put deep scarlet’s and hot pinks to one side as a bright and cheery bedroom with clean fresh lines and some plush textures and fabrics, even if they are casual, can inject just the right amount of spark into the bedroom theme. Go with a white down bedspread and linens and white cotton accents. You could even introduce a potted banana leaf plant and other green accent pieces for spots of colour and an element of nature. Beach inspired blues and greens will also add a bit of whimsy if you fancy a natural coastal flavour.

Girly hues also have a part to play in our male biased environment, so take a hint from the ladies and incorporate a traditionally feminine colour scheme into the bedroom décor. Be daring and go with a lilac hue with an eggplant coloured accent or two in the form of fabrics and bed dressings. The key to retaining the masculine and elegant look is breaking up the purple with plenty of mid tone to light coloured wood in the form of a wooden bedstead, matching furniture, the floor materials and featuring elements such as bamboo, oak and teak with clean straight lines to add a touch of sophistication. Materials such as brass will also harmonise well here, breaking up any colour domination so consider a contemporary brass bed with matching bedside tables, and dress with a plain faux fur bed throw or quilt that complements the visual verve of the bedstead allowing the bed itself to form the focal point of the room.

Should you prefer to stick with the basic masculine colours such as blue shades, bottle greens, browns and black derivatives there are ways to bring a flavour of romantic style into those hues also. It’s all about the finish and texture that you choose for each colour, so for instance, you might want a cobalt blue bedspread, but getting one in combed suede adds a romantic texture that would be lacking in plain cotton. Use black only in small accent pieces to avoid the room looking like a bachelor pad rather than a romantic haven. Likewise use a textured finish on walls such as a faux linen or suede effect rather than ordinary eggshell or matt paint.

Keep the mood romantic and warm and remember that cool tones tend to energise and open up a room while warmer ones create an enveloping and soothing environment. Exceptions exist however, as a cool tone like purple may have a warm undertone depending on the hue, particularly if it is muted. Look for colours that achieve both and use them as a colour backdrop or on accent walls. You might consider a black upholstered headboard with a teal accent wall that features white framed wall art. In this instance the black and teal combination warms up the space, whilst the white accents cools it down, as does the teal as it’s a cool tone with a warm undertone.

A little experimentation is the key here, but get the texture, colour and furnishings  mix just right, and the results can be romantically ravishing..!

Black and Grey bedroom themes…

Saturday, January 21st, 2012

For a stylish ultra-sophisticated modern theme choose black and grey to set your bedroom mood. This colour combination is classically elegant. Creating a room space that uses black and grey as the primary accent is an investment, for this theme stands the test of time unlike trendier of-the-moment colour choices. If you’re working with a smaller space, include a few secondary colours to break up the scheme. Shades of white, cream and light blue all work in harmony, or add splashes of intense red and purple if you’re working in a larger space and wish to incorporate some more gregarious accent colours.

Establish your room theme with three walls of charcoal or pearl grey and a black accent wall. Painting the whole room black is probably a step too far creating a space that is just too dark, and unless the room is very spacious with lots of natural light, it will not work well. Another option is to paint all the walls charcoal and to weave black into the space in the form of other accents such as textiles, furnishings and room accessories. In this respect consider recovering an old headboard in a rich black fabric with furniture nail head detailing or invest in some black furniture including nightstands and a dresser. High gloss piano black finishes impart a truly sophisticated touch, or consider matt finishes for a more subdued moody flavour.

Contemporary metal bedstead designs in eggshell black or pewter finishes will tie in perfectly with any black/grey room makeover, or you might consider a nickel finish or chrome bedstead for a truly stylish room statement. More traditional styles of iron bed can also integrate within such a room scheme as long as there are contemporary room accents to tie the look together. Consider covering accent chairs or a day bed or love seat in black or grey fabric, and replicate the material choice for the headboard if this is your favoured approach. You might even consider using a patterned fabric with elements of black and grey, as well as your secondary colours. Smaller furniture pieces such as chromebedside tables or those with metal accents will also fit the mood perfectly here.

Incorporate textiles in the form of rugs, pillows and duvet covers or bed throws as part of the black and grey theme. Hunt down patterns that feature black/grey hues as well as solid splashes of bold colours such as red, and weave them into the room design. Opting for a plain duvet cover or faux fur bed throw is a good plan as it won’t overwhelm the design of the bed allowing it instead to take centre stage, whilst patterned pillows and bolsters add visual accent interest.

Complete the scheme with monochromatic prints, photographs or even magazine covers and frame them in heavy black, grey or chrome frames. Alternatively frame textured wall paper pieces or offcuts of the textiles used within the room, and hang them gallery-style above the bed or around the room. Keep the spacing consistent for a tidy structured look which is in keeping with the elegance of the room mood as a cohesive and classy style statement to stir the senses…

Wonderful wicker…

Saturday, January 21st, 2012

A great many homes feature wicker furniture and accessories for the simple reason that it’s inexpensive and durable, lending itself to a wide variety of decorating styles. From homes that strive to create British Colonial décor to more cottagey shabby chic themes, wicker is the natural choice for many rooms in the home because it not only looks great in its natural state, but can be painted and adorned with colourful blankets, cushions and accessories to completely change the personality of a room. Wicker furniture is always a favourite in the conservatory whilst wicker elements in the bedroom are a natural choice for a homely welcoming flavour.

Decide how you would like to incorporate wicker furniture into your room space. For example, many decorating styles including Beach cottage and British colonial use wicker furniture as a key element. Making an early decision about the décor style will help when it comes to choosing other complementary pieces that pull the whole look together.

This is important if the wicker theme is not to become too dominant and incorporating heavier solid wood pieces will ensure visual harmony. An imposing mahogany, cherrywood or walnut wooden bedstead and matching bedroom furniture will ensure a great look within a bedroom scheme, whilst a Victorian inspired iron bed in a dark finish provides the perfect counterpoint for the softer wicker elements within the room, adding a flavour of glamour and romance along the way.

Complete this style of bedroom theme by including smaller furniture wicker pieces such as wicker trunks, book racks and wicker baskets. If you’ve opted to paint the trim on some of the larger wicker pieces, then white or cream is always a good choice, or you might wish to pick out the colour of that metal bedstead and replicate it here to tie the visual theme together.

Add an element of comfort to thetraditional bed theme or wicker couch by draping a bed throw or blanket over both or either and scattering with throw pillows of different sizes. Once again, if you are painting your wicker furniture, look for fabrics that pick out these colours and then include a few pillows in contrasting hues to add an extra splash of visual interest.

Remember also the smaller details within the decorating scheme by including pictures and mirrors with wicker frames in the décor mix and shop for accessories such as white cotton afghans or handmade quilts at country craft fairs or regional county shows. Such details add not only an additional element of comfort but also a splash of colour and texture interest which works well against the look of natural wicker or painted pieces, introducing an inviting and cosy feel to the room space for minimal effort and outlay, but maximum impact…

Country bedroom moods…

Friday, January 6th, 2012

Choosing a country style decorative theme allows a wide variety of homely room styles that evoke a traditional look spanning the centuries. A country style bedroom can transport you back to a time when life was, in many ways very much simpler, when people were far more frugal, making their own home furnishings, quilts and décor. In these more modern times a mix of the right colours, textures, furniture and bedding, will help to recreate the look for bedroom spaces that are charming, timeless and comfortable.

The colours typically found in a country bedroom are those that are soft and airy, in particular different shades of old white with variations such as beige and cream. Accents might include a variety of earthy colours such as pale tones of green and brown. Pale blues and pinks are appropriate too, but as long as the overall effect is light and gentle with colours complementing each other, the effect should be pleasing.

Wooden furniture worksparticularly well in this style of environment and all antique pieces will find a good home here. The hand-hewn look with distressed features and rich patinas will all strike an authentic chord, and a wooden bedstead in a dark finish of walnut, cherry or oak will inspire the room theme as a whole as the perfect focal point. Choose matching or complementary wooden bedroom furniture in similar shades to extend the theme, or opt for a glamorous iron bed or brass bedstead in true Victorian style to establish the theme. Darker metal colours and antique brass bed finishes will stand out well against a background backdrop of white or pastel shades whilst a coffer or steamer trunk at the base of the bed provides a great storage solution, with benches, an upholstered love seat or an antique nursing chair all offering appealing seating solutions.

The bedding should of coursebreathe life into your choice of  traditional bed . It is one of the most important elements in a country style bedroom, so select colours and styles with care. A hand made quilt or plush comforter are both cosy country accents and if you are looking to add a truly distinctive old-fashioned feel to the bedroom, use antique style linen sheets on the bed rather than the never modern cotton alternative.

Add extra authenticity to the room with décor and accents that add those all- important finishing touches. Hang pictures or prints on the walls that reflect English country scenes and select frames that are primitive in design. Display antique trinket boxes, scent bottles and vases and should you still be using more recently styled furniture, enjoy a quick and easy makeover by replacing modern handles and fittings with bronze, rustic, or brass items for a vintage look. Cover the tops of bedside tables with lace doilies for a Victorian feel, and if you’re feeling brave, rip up the floor carpet, treat the wooden floorboards and experiment with traditional or Persian area rugs for a warm and truly country-style effect.

Décor tricks for small dreary bedrooms..

Friday, January 6th, 2012

For those times when a room space has dreary or badly lit tendencies, it becomes doubly important to decorate the room with a strong focus towards minimising the unpleasant characteristics and emphasising those that are desirable or have potential to be so. After all, small can equate to tight and unpleasant or can be the epitome of cosy and cute! Dreariness usually comes about as a result of poor natural or artificial lighting, inappropriate or dowdy paint colours and small windows or windows that overlook dismal views. But with a little work and imagination all of these pitfalls can be rectified for a charming effect whatever the challenge.

A great start point is to measure the room and transfer those measurements to graph paper, noting the location of the door, window, switches, niches or anything else that is permanent before creating a to-scale cut out of the bed which you can move around to determine how many placement options are available. In a small room this is unlikely to be too many, but it is nonetheless a useful exercise which may throw up different possibilities. If space is particularly tight consider investing in a metal daybed or wooden equivalent, or downsizing to a smaller bed, but one in which you can still be comfortable. Modern or traditional beds in 4ft sizes are particularly popular these days being a sensible step up from a 3ft single and also offering just enough space for two people in guest rooms. Use your bed selection as inspiration for the room décor theme. Traditional iron beds might inspire you to consider a country charming theme, whilst more contemporary modern bed styles lend themselves well suited to more minimalist room schemes with a light airy colour theme.

Pick room colours with consideration for an inspirational fabric which will provide harmonious contrast. For a country theme the predominant colour is likely to be cream or white with fabrics in shades of delft blue, yellow, faded green, dusky pink or peach. Fabrics with a gentle pattern or motif are fine and floral themes work well. Use the fabric for window dressings and bed throws for continuity and charm.

For a more contemporary colour approach select a modern palette that favours textures and monochromatic colours. Avoid shades that are drab or dull and consider adding one or two large statement pieces of art to bring an element of drama to the room. The trick with this approach is to layer different versions and textures in the same colour family together to create a cohesive minimalist theme without too much visual clutter or frippery.

Pay particular attention to wall quality before even lifting a paint roller as wall defects become amplified in smaller rooms, particularly after a fresh coat of paint. Paint skirtings and dados a bright fresh white and correct a poor window view by creating a window box full of seasonal plants to brighten up the dullest vista. Stained glass windows or window accents might perform a similar job, whilst careful selection of sheers, blinds or drapes will liven up the dullest day.

Maintain the colour theme within the room and whenever possible use closets or under bed storage solutions to keep clutter at a minimum. Keeping  obstacles out of the room space is important in any small room if it is to be comfortable and airy. Small rooms also have the advantage of allowing budgets to stretch to more expensive better quality furnishings and accents as only a few are required. Most quality furniture retailers these days specialise in attractive furniture designed for smaller spaces, but a bedside table mounted directly onto the wall is a pretty simple DIY project, perhaps with a bedside lamp hung from the ceiling to minimise wires and create interest. Likewise position art to attract the eye upwards, and incorporate additional sources of artificial light to supplement natural light deficiencies.